By Darrell Peil | Originally published in ASHRAE Journal, December 2025
Pipe insulation plays a critical role in mechanical systems, helping facilities improve energy efficiency, protect personnel, control condensation and maintain reliable operations. Although often overlooked, properly designed and installed pipe insulation systems can deliver substantial long-term savings and performance benefits.
In his article, Pipe Insulation 101: Fundamentals & Basics, published in the December 2025 issue of ASHRAE Journal, Darrell Peil of Knauf Insulation North America explores the essential principles of pipe insulation, including material selection, performance characteristics, installation practices and emerging industry innovations.
Pipe insulation serves several important purposes in commercial and industrial facilities:
Beyond these benefits, mechanical insulation also contributes to sustainability efforts by reducing energy demand and associated operational carbon emissions.
Different piping applications require different insulation materials. Common options include fiberglass, mineral wool, cellular glass, calcium silicate, synthetic rubber foam and various polymer-based products.
Selecting the appropriate material requires evaluating operating temperatures, moisture exposure, thermal performance, fire response characteristics and installation conditions.
Even high-performance insulation materials can fall short when improperly installed.
The article emphasizes the importance of correct insulation thickness, properly sealed vapor retarders, complete coverage around fittings and appropriate treatment of pipe supports.
Cold piping systems require particular attention to vapor control to prevent condensation and moisture intrusion. Hot piping systems must maintain consistent insulation coverage to minimize energy loss and protect personnel.
The mechanical insulation industry continues to evolve through improvements in materials, manufacturing and system design.
Innovations highlighted in the article include advanced vapor retarder systems, plant-based binders, increased recycled content in fiberglass insulation, expanded product sizing and improved pipe support insulation solutions.
These advancements are helping manufacturers and contractors deliver more efficient, durable and sustainable mechanical insulation systems.
Understanding the fundamentals of pipe insulation is essential for contractors, engineers, facility managers and other industry professionals responsible for mechanical system performance.
For a more comprehensive examination of insulation materials, industry standards, installation techniques and design considerations, read Darrell Peil's full article, Pipe Insulation 101: Fundamentals & Basics, in the December 2025 issue of ASHRAE Journal.
Publication Credit: Based on Pipe Insulation 101: Fundamentals & Basics by Darrell Peil, Associate Member ASHRAE, originally published in ASHRAE Journal, December 2025, pages 22–29. Copyright © 2025 ASHRAE. This summary is independently written for the Midwest Insulation Contractors Association (MICA). Reproduction or distribution of the original article requires permission from ASHRAE.